Catabolism is the process of breaking down complex materials to form simpler substances and release energy.

• A. Anabolism
• B. Catabolism
• C. Homeostasis
• D. Digestion

Answer: (B)

The concept being tested is how catabolic processes break down complex molecules into simpler ones and release energy. Catabolism involves degrading large molecules—like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats—into smaller units, with energy released in the form of ATP to power cellular activities. This is the opposite of anabolism, which builds larger molecules and consumes energy. Homeostasis is about maintaining stable internal conditions, not the breakdown of materials, and digestion is a specific digestive system process that is a type of catabolic activity but is narrower than the overall concept of catabolism. So, the term that matches the description is catabolism.