Which gland in the endocrine system is often referred to as the 'master gland'?

• A. Pineal gland
• B. Pituitary gland
• C. Thyroid gland
• D. Adrenal gland

Answer: (B)

The pituitary gland is often called the master gland because it serves as the main control hub for coordinating other endocrine glands. It sits at the base of the brain and receives signals from the hypothalamus, then releases hormones that drive the activity of the thyroid, adrenal cortex, and gonads, among others. The anterior part secretes hormones like TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, growth hormone, and prolactin, which stimulate their target organs to produce thyroid hormones, cortisol, reproductive hormones, and more. The posterior part releases vasopressin and oxytocin, which are produced in the hypothalamus and stored there for release. This central role in regulating growth, metabolism, stress response, and reproduction is why the pituitary is referred to as the master gland.